Spaital Boundary Setting of Seoul’s CBDs Using Getis-Ord Gi* and WELL-Based Indicators

Modern office-centered lifestyles increasingly expose workers to physical and mental health risks due to prolonged time spent in fixed environments. In response, the WELL Building Standard emphasizes not only interior quality but also its connection to the external urban environment, highlighting how spatial context affects occupant well-being. This study aims to assess spatial well-being elements in office environments by applying a user-centered framework to identify urban centers and interpret geographic boundaries within Seoul’s three major central business districts (CBD, GBD, YBD). The methodology followed a systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines, targeting domestic publications from 2014 to 2025, which were then classified into five analytical categories based on research objectives. Based on the WELL Building Standard, four spatial indicators parks, office buildings, bus — stops, and convenience stores were selected. Using the Getis-Ord Gi* method, hot-spot clusters of these — indicators were identified and overlaid with dong-level administrative boundaries to interpret the spatial extent of each district. The study contributes to well-being-oriented spatial analysis by proposing an integrated framework for boundary interpretation. Future research should further refine spatial indicators and investigate the combined effects of architectural and urban environmental factors on occupant health.